What Impact Did the Major Political, Economic and Social Changes of the Meiji Restoration Have on Japan?

Japan’s goal of achieving fukoku kyohei, â€Å"rich country; strong military†, fuelled major political, economic and social changes during the Meiji Restoration. By the 20th century, Japan had a modern constitution and national parliament, though it was not truly democratic. The modernization of the nation also made Japan richer and more economically stable, with a structured education system. Japan, an impotent, closed feudal state, was transformed into a formidable nation focused on nationalism. In attempt to acquire strength and unity in the government, political changes focused on creating a centralized government and a western constitution. In consequence, the Japanese government became more united and organized. As the western nations were the most influential countries at the time, Japan believed that following a western example would prove most effective. In order to create a fully centralized government, feudalism was ended. The government was then able to establish power over all of the 260 feudal domains. The court nobles and the feudal lords were given the same rank†¦compelled to hand back (land). † (Miocevich, 25) The use of the word ‘compelled’ suggests that there was some dissension within the government. There was also argument over public voice and the style of the constitution. As a result, the first constitution was abandoned, leading to the creation of a second Meiji Constitution in 1889. Although the government was still under imper ial rule, it was slowly moving towards democracy, as a Prussian parliamentary system was adopted. Regardless, various parties were still excluded from political influence, as the oligarchy, ruling in the emperor’s name, continued to hold significant authority. The constitution did however foster a more organized and united government in Japan. During 1883, the Progressive Party founded by Okuma, which opposed the constitutional model, fell apart. All political parties eventually unified under one government. These changes provided Japan with the unity and strength it needed to transform itself, a victim, into one of the powerful aggressors. The economic changes that occurred in Japan focused on increasing revenue and in turn, helped Japan achieve its goal in becoming a richer nation with stronger defenses. With industrialization as a key aim in Japan’s economy, the shokusan koygo, a government policy that encouraged economic freedom, was developed. Infrastructure was also tightened, as a new banking system was developed, modern communications were constructed, and an official currency was adopted and issued. Lastly, in order to acquire more revenue, a new land tax was introduced, while the government also began allowing and promoting the purchase of certain industries from private companies in the Zaibatsu. By the end of the Meiji Restoration, Japan, as â€Å"one of the world’s largest produces of coal and exporters of copper† (Miocevich, 26), definitely possessed a progressive and prosperous economy. The land tax, which contributed to 78% of the nation’s income in 1868, had decreased to 30% by 1897. Miocevich, 27) This indicates that Japan was now receiving a constant flow of revenue by other means, such as the Zaibatsu. The nation was now economically stable, and had transitioned into an aggressive and successful nation. Japan’s triumph in both the Sino-Japanese War in 1894 and Russo-Japanese War in 1904 further confirmed Japan’s new and seemingly indestructible defenses. The Treaty of Shimonoseki (1895) gave Japan â€Å"most-favored nation rights in China, a privilege long desired. †(Miocevich, 34) The Treaty of the Portsmouth (1905) gave Japan â€Å"the lease of the Liaotung Peninsula†. Miocevich, 37) Japan would have never been able to demand these advantages if it had not conquered China and Russia. By the end of the Meiji Restoration, Japan had taken its inevitable part in the international scene. As the government and economy adjusted, the society took on many changes as well, such as the adoption of the Western culture, a reform in the education system, and the instillation of nationalism in Japan. The desire to be perceived as an equal by Westerners resulted in the adoption of the Western culture in the Japanese society. There were changes in the fashion as well as food and cuisine. Western-style haircuts were ubiquitous in the Japanese streets during 1870, while the introduction to bread, beef and dairy products made their way to the community subsequently. With the aim of a modernized society, the Meiji government also found an organized education system a vital aspect, thus instituting the Terokoya system. This change in education also launched the establishment of the Ministry of Education, which had an aim of providing education for all people. In 1868, almost 13,000 terakoyas were constructed with 837,000 students. (Miocevich, 30) By 1910, an immense advancement was made, as 98% of Japanese students were given compulsory education. (Miocevich, 30) Clearly, the Japanese had made education a priority. Finally, nationalism was probably the most prominent change in the Japanese society during the Meiji Restoration. As Japan grew stronger as a nation, their citizens grew increasingly patriotic. This newfound patriotism was displayed in the actions of the soldiers, determined to risk their lives for the benefit of Japan. An excerpt by a Japanese official further reiterates this growing sense of nation pride. â€Å"To strengthen Japan by war is to show loyalty to our country†¦our guiding principle. † (Miocevich, 30). Japan’s modernization within the society had resulted in the adoption of western cultures, an increased literacy rate, and patriotism in the nation. The Meiji Restoration had made the dream of accomplishing fukoku kyohei a reality for Japan. The adoption of a western parliamentary model aided Japan in its development towards a stable rule, which in turn, created unity within the nation. With the focus of modernization, necessary changes were also made in Japan’s industry and society, such as the adoption of a new banking and education system. Moreover, Japan’s new stable economy allowed it to thrive financially and build stronger defenses. Accompanied by the growing nationalism within the Japanese, the soldiers of the military grew more tenacious, as proven by Japan’s growing victories in wars. By the end of the Meiji Restoration, Japan had proved to the other formidable nations that it had found its rightful position with the aggressors.

Great Works of Western Tradition: The Treatment of Time and History Essay

Not a few of the greatest works in the Western tradition tackle the evolution of humanity and of civilization throughout the ages. The question of the evolution of civilization is all the more difficult since it seems to be tortuous rather than linear and progressive. As it shall be seen, thinkers from very different times have pictured civilization in different ways, emphasizing either its wondrous development or its blatant imperfections. Thomas More, Voltaire and Sigmund Freud belong to very different ages of human civilization and have held very different opinions about history and the evolution or involution of man. As it shall be seen however, the major theme in all of the works under discussion is the evolution of man and society throughout the course of time. Moreover, in Utopia, Candide and Civilization and its Discontents the development of civilization is questioned and the achievements of humanity doubted. Despite the fact that the come from different turning points in human history, which had seen a prodigious advance of culture and understanding of the world, the three authors argue that the human civilization is very far from its ideal state. Thomas More’s Utopia is an imaginary project of the perfect human society which resembles Plato’s Republic. As a representative of Renaissance, More is a humanist and a socialist, who criticizes the state of thing in his native England. The work is therefore, in many ways an inverse mirror of his contemporary society. More openly addresses the precarious society and the politics in England and at the same time creates a reverse counterpart for these on the island of Utopia. The most salient target of the scholar’s criticism is the specific form of government characteristic for his society: feudalism. In his imaginary world, everyone is equal and no one is poor or in need, since everything is distributed justly: â€Å"In Utopia, where every man has a right to everything, they all know that if care is taken to keep the public stores full, no private man can want anything; for among them there is no unequal distribution, so that no man is poor, none in necessity, and though no man has anything, yet they are all rich; for what can make a man so rich as to lead a serene and cheerful life, free from anxieties. †(More 86) According to More, money and possessions in general are the key of civilization as he saw it. As such, he attacks his contemporary society at its very roots, by advocating a society in which everyone would be equal and in which money would hold no importance. As he saw it, the human world was moved and impulse by inequalities and disproportion in possessions: â€Å"And who does not see that the frauds, thefts, robberies, quarrels, tumults, contentions, seditions, murders, treacheries, and witchcrafts, which are indeed rather punished than restrained by the severities of law, would all fall off, if money were not any more valued by the world? †(More 87) Another important aspect that More notes is that, all the crimes and misfortunes arising from the pecuniary problems are punished rather than restrained by law. This aspect of the human society has remained true even today, since money is still a key element in the world and since the law is only designed to help maintain a relative order. Thus, More sees the state of civilization during Renaissance as very precarious, since the character of people and their morality is continuously undermined by the inequality regarding the distribution of possessions. Expressing truly revolutionary ideas for his age, More perceives that the nature of the government in his own time is nothing more than a â€Å"conspiracy of the rich† to monopolize the goods and to hold sway over the rest of the population, under the pretense of administering the public affairs: â€Å"Therefore I must say that, as I hope for mercy, I can have no other notion of all the other governments that I see or know, than that they are a conspiracy of the rich, who on pretence of managing the public only pursue their private ends, and devise all the ways and arts they can find out. †(More 157) More’s intuition about the workings of politics and economics in his own society is therefore incredibly accurate. Utopia is moreover a complete society, having all the institution of the modern world, including politics, religion, science, culture and family. More fundamentally remodels the social order of his time, designing an ideal community marked by simplicity. For instance, the political system is democratic, in the sense that we understand it today, with all of the members of society participating in the elections: â€Å"Once a year every group of thirty households elects an administrator, who used to be known as a syphogrant, but in modern times has been called a phylarch. There is another administrator in charge of every group of ten syphogrants with their households. He used to be called a tranibor, and is now called a senior phylarch. All the syphogrants–there are two hundred of them–elect the chief executive. †( More 96) The family is an important cell of this society which hints at the principles of brotherhood that should dominate and regulate the world. The society has very few laws, moreover, which emphasizes More’s views of the contemporary justice system. According to him therefore, the human society is inevitably based on complex and marginal laws, which strive to punish delinquency but which do not manage to restrain it. Furthermore, science and the arts are made accessible to the large public and not limited to a privileged category. More obviously points out to another essential feature of socialism which stipulates the intellectual equality of all people. This also pinpoints the fact that, in More’s view, the financial inequality of people is the key factor causing inequality in all other respects. It should be noted that More constructed his utopian world primarily as a satire for his contemporary society. He did not believe himself in the ideal society he proposed, simply because the project came considerably before its time and before there would be the necessary conditions to establish it. His main contention therefore is that the human civilization of the Renaissance England was a corrupted and dysfunctional system that revolved around the possessions and interests. All the institutions, the government, the law, the economy, politics and even the arts and sciences suffered from this corruption as they were based on inequality between people. More’s view is all the more revolutionary since the world of Renaissance believed in order and in the chain of things. This scale or hierarchy of things obviously applied to the human society as well, where the king was the highest link in the chain, being set there by divine will. In this context, More’s encouragement of equality is all the more mystifying. As it shall be seen, almost three centuries later, Voltaire published a satire that attacks the myth of human civilization and points out its main weaknesses. As More belongs to the Renaissance, Voltaire belongs to another period of cultural revolution and advancement, the Enlightenment. More so than the Renaissance that had established the faith in man and in his powers, the Enlightenment brought incredible evidence of man’s reasoning capacities and his ability for controlling nature and the universe and making these work in his own favor. As More before him, Voltaire satirically attacks the very roots of his contemporary society. His Candide can be easily considered one of the most potent philosophical satires of all times, as it is directed not to a particular aspect of the world but to the world as a whole and to the entire human race. What Voltaire mocks is not so much the state in which the world and humanity are in, but the inveterate optimism that characterized the Age of Reason. The values and creeds of the Enlightenment philosophers are demolished one by one in Voltaire’s work: the famous statement maintained by Leibniz and Rousseau that our world is â€Å"the best of all possible worlds†, the belief that the universe is in a state of unshakable harmony that only gives the impression of chaos, the general optimism that regarded even the dreariest events in the world as good, the faith in the human reason and the free will of man and many other similar optimist opinions. Voltaire makes the eponymous character of his work, Candide (who is, not by accident and as his name indicates, incredibly naive and simple) experience, through his journeys and adventures, the entire range of human sufferance: wars, natural disasters, maladies, slavery, religious persecution, rape and so on. In his way, Candide experiences all there is to experience and meets with all the evil in the world. His gullible nature disposes him to believe the more comfortable theory, which is that of his master Pangloss. Pangloss is thus the prototype of the Enlightenment thinker, the professed optimist who believes in the absolute perfection of the world. Despite of the disasters he meets with and despite of the evil nature of the men he encounters, Pangloss remains a stubborn optimist, an advocator of the perfect harmony of the universe: â€Å"Master Pangloss taught the metaphysico-theologo-cosmolo-nigology. He could prove to admiration that there is no effect without a cause; and, that in this best of all possible worlds, the baron’s castle was the most magnificent of all castles, and my lady the best of all possible baronesses. † (Voltaire 27) As More before him, Voltaire ironically notes here the way in which the belief in the perfection of the world is used by some to justify their own rights. The eulogy of the baron and baroness, who are obviously far from moral rectitude and nobleness, is a hint to the way in which people of rank had to be treated as great men despite the fact that in truth they were full of imperfections. Another bitter allusion is the image of war as one of the most absurd evils haunting the human society. This is one of the most terrifying proof that man has not reached yet the state of absolute civilization, and that he is still a savage: â€Å"Never was anything so gallant, so well accoutred, so brilliant, and so finely disposed as the two armies. The trumpets, fifes, hautboys, drums, and cannon made such harmony as never was heard in hell itself. The entertainment began by a discharge of cannon, which, in the twinkling of an eye, laid flat about 6,000 men on each side. The musket bullets swept away, out of the best of all possible worlds, nine or ten thousand scoundrels that infested its surface. â€Å"(Voltaire 9) In extremely light tones, Voltaire describes the carnage and absurdity specific to war, hinting that such a disaster would be sufficient to recognize the world and the state of civilization for what it is. Instead of the ordered, harmonious world that some of the greatest philosophers and scientists of the time discerned, Voltaire points to the actual state of humanity as he saw it. Discoveries were indeed being made, but man was far from living in an ideal and balanced universe. There are some obvious similarities between More’s and Voltaire’s satires therefore. More imagined an ideal society which would be the reverse of his contemporary world and Voltaire imagined a story of a naive character who is confronted with all the ills and evils of humanity and civilization. Both of the authors therefore imply that the human evolution is not as significant as it is believed. The beginning of the twentieth century, with the dawn of modernism saw equally great changes in all the aspects of human existence. Freud’s Civilization and its Discontents makes a potent critique of civilization as a web of negative impositions on the modern man. Freud puts forth that civilization can only become workable through an economical principle similar to that employed by the politics of a state: it restrains man’s instinctual force in order to concentrate his energy on the exploitation of its intellectual resources. Thus, while the two other authors under investigation proposed that the world was largely primitive at its core, despite the advancement of civilization, Freud points out the opposite. He elaborates on the benefits and incredible progress made by human civilization, all the same criticizing its prospects which have restrained the instinctual nature of man: â€Å"This contention holds that what we call our civilization is largely responsible for our misery, and that we should be much happier if we gave it up and returned to primitive conditions. †(Freud 33) In Freud’s view, as revolutionary for his time as the other two authors’ perspective during their own, it is the basic requirement of civilization which has become pernicious for man. Thus, civilization demands a repression of instinct in man, in favor of intellectual achievement: â€Å"No feature [†¦] seems better to characterize civilization than its esteem and encouragement of man’s higher mental activities–his intellectual, scientific and artistic achievements-and the leading role that it assigns to ideas in human life. †(Freud 41) According to Freud, it is the very nature of civilization which causes man to become more and more frustrated out of his natural freedom and lack of restraint: â€Å"Civilization is built up upon a renunciation of instinct, how much it presupposes precisely the non-satisfaction (by suppression, repression or some other means) of powerful instincts. †(Freud 44) The efforts and results of science and technology as they are perceived in modern times are indubitable. Man has strived to protect himself from nature thus becoming more and more alienated from it. Civilization is in many ways synonymous with comfort, but, in Freud’s view it is and will always be contrary to man’s happiness: â€Å"Is there, then, no positive gain in pleasure, no unequivocal increase in my feeling of happiness, if I can, as often as I please, hear the voice of a child of mine who is living hundreds of miles away or if I can learn in the shortest possible time after a friend has reached his destination that he has come through the long and difficult voyage unharmed? † (Freud 35) As Freud pertinently remarks, people usually think of the advanced state of civilization in terms of victories over nature, such as the invention of soap for instance: â€Å"Indeed, we are not surprised by the idea of setting up the use of soap as an actual yardstick of civilization. The same is true of order. It, like cleanliness, applies solely to the works of man. But whereas cleanliness is not to be expected in nature, order, on the contrary, has been imitated from her. †(Freud 40) Also, people tend to think of the previous ages as uncivilized in terms of cleanliness, order and comfort mainly. In Freud’s opinion however, these victories are as many frustration for the ego, who has definitively lost his liberty. He argues that civilization comes into harsh conflict with the human ego, since the ego’s instinctual nature cannot be ‘corrected’ by culture but only repressed or silenced. As many aspects of human behavior prove it, instincts only lie dormant inside the psyche and can be awaken at any time. Civilization comes with its impositions and claims, attempting to subdue the subconscious and promote only the sublimated characteristics of the mind. Therefore, being denied the attainment of the pleasure principle, men have to content themselves with exchanging it for the milder ‘reality principle’ which will only safeguard them from extreme sufferance. While More and Voltaire have endeavored to show that civilization is far from reaching its perfection, Freud points out the essential conflict there will always be between civilization and man in his natural state. Basically however, all the authors observe the degradation of humanity, despite the efforts of civilization. In modern times, as Freud notes, the primitive forms of violence have been subdued for the greatest part; however violence has only changed its form and not its nature. The same applies to the majority of the aspects of civilization today. Therefore, the fundamental ideas of the three authors selected have a common center. While the advancement of civilization seems to be undeniable at each of the turning points in history, Renaissance, Enlightenment and then Modernism, civilization seems to have evolved superficially without the possibility of reaching an ideal state. Man builds up an artificial civilization which comes in conflict with the natural world and therefore it is far from being balanced. Thomas More, Voltaire and Sigmund Freud all note that, from various stances, we still do not have the right formula for civilization. ? Works Cited: Freud, Sigmund. Civilization and its Discontents. New York: W. W. Norton, 1961. More, Thomas. Utopia. Trans. David Wootton. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 1999. Voltaire. Candide. New York: Modern Library, 1918.

All Types of Retirement Home Services India

All Types of Retirement Home Services India The largely ignored ideas of retirement homes in India has been slowly witnessing the increased among consumer across India. The senior citizens are becoming independent and financially stronger than the past. The old-aged persons are now in the search of luxurious facilities for various retirement home projects. Below are the all types of retirement homes in India: Independent Living Home: This type of homes is the oldest concept which was famous in the Indian society. Most of the persons save money in their working day for purchase of a plot and build a small to live in after retirement. With the ample of increase in real estate in India, the rising construction costs increases. But, supervising the daily construction activity was a tough task. Senior Citizen Communities: Senior citizen communities of the destinations have been now replacing the old traditional ways of living homes. Recently, most builders are dedicating senior citizen communities with a host of amenities consisting easy access to the transport, hospital, banks, and other daily necessities. Senior citizen communities are also giving adequate security and hospital services for 24-hours. They are the emotional support for the old citizens after retirement. Assisted Living Homes: With the increase of age, senior citizens need constant medical attention as well as aid. These houses are the ideas which allows elderly to live with an assistant including family member. It can be a nurse or helper. The assisted living houses are a newer concept in India but are likely to pick up in the near future. The benefit of having a medical help also decreases the traveling time to hospitals. They are very useful for people for the people who have some disabilities or health problems. Old Age Homes: Old age homes or skilled nursing care communities are usually built at a near proximity to hospitals. The old age homes have an in-house medical team checking and monitoring the health issues of the old-aged people. They are prone to infections so these old age homes. The old body is very sensitive to diseases and these old age homes act like a nursing care center. Nowadays, the convalescent home services are in joint collaboration between hospital management teams and builders. All these retirement homes in India are offering shelter to the old-aged people after retirement. India has diverse demographic conditions with different financial conditions so now retirement homes are the boom for the old-aged people.

Early Islam and Islam Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Early Islam and Islam Today - Essay Example The culture and beliefs of Muslims are also discussed. This paper also presents a brief overview on both historical and modern Islam, worldwide and in America. Culture and Beliefs of Muslims Islam is a monotheistic religion and Muslims believe in the oneness of god. They have five basic principles that they call the â€Å"pillars† of Islam (Shepard, 2009). The first pillar is that of the Shahada, which is the declaration that there is only one god and prophet Muhammad is his messenger. The second pillar is the Salah, i.e. prayer, which is performed five times a day. The third pillar is the Zakah, i.e. charity for the poor. The fourth pillar is the Sawm, which means fasting. Muslims fast during the entire month of Ramazan, a holy month of the Islamic calendar. It is believed that the Quran, the word of God (Allah), began to be revealed to Prophet Muhammad by angel Gabriel during this month. The fifth and final pillar of Islam is Hajj, or pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca, at least once in a lifetime (Shepard, 2009). Muhammad, who is believed by Muslims to be a prophet and messenger of Allah, founded Islam. Islam abolished the practice of polytheism, which was the religion of pagan Arabia, and introduced the concept of unity or oneness of God. According to Muhammad’s teachings, there are certain tenets and standards of living, ethics and polity, as described in the Quran, the holy book of Muslims, to be followed by Muslims, failing which they would face penalty both in this life and in the afterlife. Muslims have faith in the Judgment Day, when all humans will be judged for their deeds and will be sent to hell or heaven based on their doings. Muslims place a great significance on the conservation of women’s modesty, and so, women are asked to cover themselves by veils. They are not allowed to reveal themselves to other men except their husbands and close kin. Women and men are segregated in their social gatherings. Although it is widely be lieved that Muslim women are suppressed, it is believed to be the wrongdoing of men themselves rather than Islam, as Islam preaches equality of both men and women (Ezzati, 2002). Muslims are forbidden to consume pork and alcohol (Shepard, 2009). While monogamy is the common practice among Muslims, polygamy is legal and permitted by Islam (Shepard, 2009). While Muslim women are allowed only one husband, Muslim men can have a maximum of four wives only if they can treat all their wives equally. The Arabs made great scientific and cultural progress with the advent of Islam (Shepard, 2009). Origin and Expansion of Islam Islam has many universal elements that appealed to all cultures and religions outside Arabia (Stearns et al., 2004). This led to the acceptance of Islam and conversion to Islam by people of other religions such as Christianity, Judaism, etc. Following the death of Muhammad, his followers set up a caliphate in order to maintain political stability among the Arabs (Hemming er, 1997). Abu-Bakr was made the first caliph and military exhibition was used to gain the caliph’s authority over Arabia (Hemminger, 1997). Under his caliphate, the Arabs overtook Persian and Byzantine forces. He was succeeded by Umar, who became the second caliph and under whose reign, many other neighboring empires were conquered. By 637 CE, Ctesiphon (Persia’

Spotify Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Spotify - Essay Example By integrating enterprise’s strategy with information system strategy, SpotifyTM will be able to implement a successful business model. Introduction SpotifyTM provides cloud based music streaming service delivered via internet mobile phones which helps subscribers to access vast database of music at any place without bothering about storage capacity of physical media. The cloud based business model is structured to store enormous amount of data in virtual space without requiring physical storage devices like hard drives. The data stored by subscribers can be accessed from any remote location if the internet is available. By formulating and integrating organisation strategy with information system strategy, SpotifyTM will be able to increase their subscriber base as cloud based technology will help to reduce cost, provide faster access to any remote location, and manage existing resources efficiently (Miller, 2011, pp.8-20). Developing Enterprise Strategy Strategic planning is the process of formulating, implementing and assessing long term mission and vision of an organisation. Strategies are generally developed at the top level of the management and are implemented throughout the enterprise with the help of technology, human resources and process (Doyle, 2001, pp.2-14). SpotifyTM is cloud based music streaming service delivered via desktop and mobile phones. It was launched in October 2008 and offers subscribers access to vast database of songs via internet. The word ‘enterprise strategy’ implies the mission and vision of SpotifyTM which express where it wants to reach in future and how it expects to get there. (Source: OnbileTM, 2012) SpotifyTM aims to provide unlimited access to its subscribers with vast database of songs through internet using cloud based technology. Thus, the strategy according to the business model of SpotifyTM is to provide unlimited choice of songs database to subscribers at shortest time and affordable price. Techno logy and information system can help the SpotifyTM to achieve its goals. As the company offers cloud based technology to deliver services to subscribers, with the help of technology it will be able to reach customers at anywhere in the world. In addition to that, cloud computing is technology which can store unlimited amount data in virtual space. This means that while existing technology requires customers to carry some sort of memory device to transfer data from one site to another, cloud technology requires user to have only access to internet. The files can be downloaded and saved in any network with the help of remote access (Franklin and Chee, 2010, pp.45-62). Strategic Tools The Five Forces Model Threat of New Entrants - SpotifyTM will be able to provide their subscriber unlimited virtual space to store and stream music at affordable cost with the help of cloud based technology. Cloud computing is a relatively new technology and requires experience, knowledge, and proper data base organisation to offer uninterrupted services to customers. The technology of SpotifyTM has sufficient experience and expertise to implement their strategy and hence it is unlikely to face any threat from new

Setting up an Organic Farming Business Assignment

Setting up an Organic Farming Business - Assignment Example The mission of this business is to provide high quality, healthy, organic produce that is otherwise difficult to find. By targeting the right sellers and customers the business will be able to sustain itself and expand; the customer profile for the produce encompasses people who believe that fresh, organic produce is important to healthy living, and that the preservation of traditional, rare vegetables is important for the ecosystem and maintenance of high vitamin and mineral levels. Once a foundational customer base is established the business can expand to produce a wider variety of rare vegetables as well as seeds for home use. Land value will rise, however equipment will need maintenance and replacing regularly; as the business expands more land will need to be acquired. By starting locally and selling organic produce in small farmer's markets a customer base will form, after which larger sellers can be called upon to buy in larger quantities. By focusing on unique produce with the organic label, this business will succeed where the average produce selling business fails.

Why Growth is Good Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Why Growth is Good - Essay Example In the article Why Growth is Good the author asserts that U.S. economy is slowing down but this is not the case of the current times as the nation’s total output of goods and services grew at an annual rate of 2.5 percent from July to September and this rate of growth is double the rate of growth from the last quarter. The economy is not following a brisk pace but showing the signs of take off. But the economic growth of Germany is on the slower side and the government of the concerned country has nearly halved its growth forecasts to one percent. The reason being shocks in exports and the powerhouse of Europe is on the slower side. Government intervention is necessary in cases to push up demand but to a certain extent. Free market is necessary to achieve the equilibrium. Economic growth is the amount of goods and services produced over time. With economic growth, development is creating a healthy environment will come under its purview. Per Capita Income can be taken as a mea sure to capture economic growth. Let the population of country A and B be 20 and 5 respectively and the average income be $ 200 and $100 respectively. It will appear country A as the economically developed country but it is not the case as PCI of country A is 10 and that of country B is 20. Poor countries are often exploited by the richer ones as industries that cause environmental degradation are shifted in those countries. This tends to pollute the natural resources which have negative effects on the life of the people residing in the poor countries. The open up of new industries has created growth or employment opportunities but the darker side of the coin is the extraction of irreversible natural resources. (Office of the Management and Budget, 2010, p.153). The above pie chart proves that U.S. allocates a large proportion of its capacity in social security. The budget of 2001 allocates $ 17.5 billion to support small business access and 25 billion dollars on microloans which wi ll create employment opportunities. A path that leads to most optimal growth path is the toughest to get recognized. Earlier a school of economists believed in trickle down hypothesis where the benefits of growth will trickle down to the people who form the base of the society. But soon another school of economists began to contradict by arguing that those who are in the higher levels of the society will reap all the benefits and the poor will be confined in a vicious circle. This theory was proved right in the later stages. So growth may not create equal opportunities for all (Basu and Mallik, 2007). The statement of the rich gets richer while the poor gets poorer is well known. The statement that middle class is happy to pay taxes and contribute in the welfare is controversial as all are involved in finding out ways to evade taxes and keep their money in their own pockets. Consider the case of China. China announced to lower the GDP target to 7.5 percent which gave rise to mixed f eelings around the globe. This created tremors in the market but some were of the opinion that this strategy will revive China in taking the path of sustainable development. They argue that this would help China to achieve a higher quality and higher level development over a longer time span and all are certain about the amount of welfare sustainable development can bring about (Prasad and Rajan, n.d., p. 1). A recession is followed by recovery. In this phase growth is bound to be slow but this situation is welcomed from every levels of society.

Contemporary issues in Thailand Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contemporary issues in Thailand - Research Paper Example 2011). This paper discusses these three aforementioned major social problems of Thailand and the country’s attempt to mitigate them. Corruption Corruption has prevailed in Thailand for a long time. This extremely detrimental problem has intensified markedly since the 1932 political transformation (Tarling 2006). Because a bureaucratic regime has dominated all the activities of citizens in the country government corruption has heightened in private and public organizations. Corruption has weakened the society of Thailand and brought about political disorder. This political turmoil that has seized the nation over the recent years is weakening its economic stability. As suspected parties keep on exchanging accusations of corrupt deeds, the necessity for a solution is apparent. Corruption is generally found in the junction between the government and business where claims for ‘facilitation payments’ are prevalent. Corruption is especially concentrated in several public agencies responsible for major financial operations, namely, the Police Department, the Transport Department, Tax and Customs Department, and the Land Department (Chongphermvatanaphol 2003). The primary root of corruption in the country is believed to be ‘money politics’, or the movement of resources within the political arena, arising from the considerable level of interconnectedness present between the political and business sectors (Tarling 2006). There are several causes of and solutions to corruption in Thailand. First, insufficient incomes encourage public servants or government officials to accept backhanders. Salaries in Thailand has normally been inadequate, hence it has been a practice to accept bribes (Tarling 2006). This makes the process of decision making completely unclear or obscure. Second, people’s low level of education results in a condition where citizens do not possess the required knowledge of speaking out their opinions. Third, immense ec onomic gaps between social classes result in numerous problems. This brings about political flux, which then intensifies corruption such as vote buying. Fourth, absence of transparency makes it easy for officials to conceal their crooked activities. The political environment in Thailand has currently been characterized as overwrought (Chongphermvatanaphol 2003). A great deal of this strain is rooted in allegations and cases of corruption and the problem of government authority. Thailand is broadly regarded to be an economy welcoming to businesses and has for a number of years been capable of bidding good investment enticements to foreign businesses, such as tax exemptions, and favorable investment shield in comparison to several other nations in Southeast Asia. Yet, the investment environment of Thailand is still enduring a number of difficulties. Businesses regard corruption to be a major hindrance to business operations in Thailand, alongside undisclosed costs linked to incompeten t government procedures, weakness of the government and its policies, and red tape (Tarling 2006). Still, the country has the legal structure to successfully eliminate corruption. The 2007 Constitution includes requirements for public information access (Kara 2008). The right to access information is usually granted to citizens and the privilege is used without restraints unless it concerns

Interface Design Examples Search based on Heuristics 4 Assignment

Interface Design Examples Search based on Heuristics 4 - Assignment Example The screenshot appears when one has logged in the spacewalk web interface. Some of the highlights that may be displayed on the screen which may help user to see what is going on include; postdate systems, release of recent errata and critical monitoring status among other highlights. This screenshot help to map specimen for georeference obtained to other data base search (Shapley, Para-1). This screenshot is efficient and effective because it uses language that users can understand (Shapley, Para-1). Additionally, it helps to conduct assessment by taking into consideration all the heuristic principles (Shapley, Para-1). An example of this screenshot is the User Interface design and implementation which appears on the window XP when one presses the search button on the explorer tools bar. It allows the user to specify the kind of file he or she is searching for and in case the user makes a mistake he or she can Undo or redo. This screenshot assist data entry screenshot or consistency management screenshot which provides a list of all the elements that may be applied during the modeling process. The assisted data mechanism in this screenshot can help a person to avoid errors when making entries by enhancing consistency compliance to set standards. In this screenshot both experienced and inexperienced users are allowed to conduct frequent activities without going through unnecessary procedures. Hence, making it more flexible and efficient to use. The above screenshot help to enhance readability and inclusion of all the relevant information in the program that one is using.This screenshot may be available in microsoft spreadsheet,word and powerpoint. Therefore, based on the above interface design examples, it can be scrutinized how various screenshots for each of the ten heuristic may be used to execute various operations. Conclusively, it can be observed how screenshot are importance

Self-Presentation and Gender on Social Networking Sites Research Paper

Self-Presentation and Gender on Social Networking Sites - Research Paper Example These sites allow the users’ to create a profile that reflects their identity. A study by Magnuson and Dundes (2008) about the MySpace Profiles for 51 females and 49 males revealed that women had a better self presentation profiles on MySpace than men. Also they were more active that the males. The studies also revealed that although females dominate the social network sites, they have to depend on others for their sense of self as they do traditionally depend on the male in their families. A similar study by Manago et.al. (2008) revealed that social networking sites were a means to explore one’s own identity, engage into social comparison and express idealised aspects of selves they had dreamt to be. This paper tries to identify the ways in which males and females present themselves online in the social networking environment. The paper also intends to check if culture influences self presentation of genders in social networking. Keywords: Social Networking Sites, Gend er Difference, Self-Presentation Self-Presentation and Gender on Social Networking Sites Self-presentation is a very important aspect of today’s globalised world. According to Leary (1996) â€Å"Self-presentation is kind of impression management, which is the management of other’s impressions of a social unit such as people or organisation† (p. 17). ... Thus this subject has also attracted researchers to the study the gender differences in self-presentation on these sites. A study by Kornblum (2006) revealed the exploded popularity of these SNSs with users numbering to hundreds of millions in the recent years. However self-presentation on SNSs differs from face-to-face self-presentation. Self-presentation on SNSs differs because one can â€Å"inspect, edit and revise† one’s self presentation before it is available to others (Walther, Slovacek & Tidwell, 2001, p.110). These sites proclaim to help people get connected and share with the people in their lives. Thus SNSs create a real-life social network for people online. Although the SNSs are a replica of a real-life social network but the environment provided by the SNSs differs greatly from real life (cited in Hinduja and Patchin, 2008, p. 127). The studies have revealed that several people have 1000 other people on their friend list which is nearly impossible in the r eal life. These SNSs provide people with unique opportunities to stay connected to more people than they might otherwise have and to be able to know in their real lives. Also people can construct any kind of image about themselves that they would like to portrait to the people on their friend list. The self-presentation on these SNSs allows the users to construct an audience as they can add or remove friends from their social network in just seconds, with no more efforts but just a click on the mouse. Past research suggests that these SNSs are most popular among adolescents as it allows them to experiment with their identity. Research also suggests that adolescent girls use SNSs more than the adolescent boys as it

The Astonishing Hypothesis Essay Example for Free

The Astonishing Hypothesis Essay John Maddox (1995) in â€Å"The Prevalent Distrust of Science† argues that there exists a distrust in the innovations within the field of science as a result of the unreliability of the scientific community regarding the various innovations that it has developed over the past years. Maddox claims that this distrust has led to the creation of a culture of ignorance, the effects of which can be seen in the existence of an anti-science mindset. These views may take the form of passive denial and active denial. Passive denial refers to the â€Å"intentional obfuscation of what science is about† whereas active denial refers to the denial of the validity of scientific claims (Maddox, 1995, p. 436). Maddox further claims that this mindset may be seen as the result of (1) individuals’ inability to hold accountability for their actions since science â€Å"shifts responsibility from nature onto people’s own shoulders† and (2) individual’s inability to easily adapt to change since science â€Å"challenge(s) cherished beliefs† (1995, p. 436-437). In order to test the prevalence of this mindset within society, Maddox proposed the conduction of a public opinion poll in the form of a conceptual experiment. The experiment involves presenting the hypothesis of Francis Crick regarding human development as presented in his book The Astonishing Hypothesis. According to Crick, the human brain begins as a bag of neurons. In addition to this, he claims that the development of the hardwired parts of the human nervous system is genetically determined. The process in which this genetic determination occurs however was not accounted for by Crick. Based on his views regarding the distrust in the development in scientific inquiry, Maddox claims that â€Å"the scientists will not think Crick’s hypothesis all that astonishing† (1995, p. 437). In order to test whether such an anti-science mindset exists, I conducted the poll proposed by Maddox. In the process of doing this, I interviewed ten students, five of which major in science related courses and five of which major in humanities related courses. Their ages range from 19-25 years old. Amongst the ten interviewees, five were male and five were female. In addition to this, six of the interviewees were Caucasians, two were African Americans, and two were Asian Americans. In terms of their religious affiliation, six of them were Protestants and the remaining interviewees were Roman Catholics. All the interviewees were given the same information regarding Crick’s views on human development. After being given the information and asked regarding the validity of Crick’s views, all the interviewees agreed regarding the high probability of Crick’s claim. The difference between the interviewees can be traced to their explanation as to why they consider Crick’s view to be highly probable. The interviewees who major in science related courses gave more precise explanations regarding the probability of Crick’s claim. One them stated that â€Å"embryonic fetal development always begins with the development of the neurological system since the system is necessary to support the other development of the primary organs of the fetus†. Another one stated that this claim is true since studies have shown that the human embryo produces almost a million neurons every minute after the first four weeks of its conception. As opposed to this, the students who major in humanities related subjects tended to provide a less detailed explanation. One of them stated, â€Å"Crick’s hypothesis might be true since his view corresponds with what we discussed in Biology 101†. The reason for the difference of the explanation of these students may be traced to the formers exposure to the scientific language as opposed to the latter. Based on the interviews that I conducted, it seems that Maddox’s claim does not hold. It is possible that the reason for this may traced to the fact that the individuals I interviewed were all college students. Their educational background may have provided them with the recognition of the necessity to recognize the importance of scientific knowledge in the advancement of humanity. As I see, the distrust in scientific innovations stem as a result of individuals’ lack of knowledge regarding the importance of scientific innovation as well as the probabilistic nature of scientific knowledge. Reference Maddox, J. (1995). â€Å"The Prevalent Distrust of Science. † Nature, 378, 435-437.

Distribution Channel And Parle Essay Example for Free

Distribution Channel And Parle Essay Introduction The bread and biscuits constitutes the largest segments of consumer foods in India. Both Biscuits and Bread are items of mass consumption in our Country. Almost 2 million tons of biscuits are produced in India each year and consumption is growing at 10-12 per cent annually. The per capita  consumption of biscuits in the country is about 1.52 kg annually. Contrary to popular belief that biscuits are consumed by the middle and high income groups, it is actually the only nutritious and hygienic food product for children, lower income groups and the rural population. Nearly 50 per cent of biscuits produced are consumed in rural areas and 30 per cent by income groups earning below Rs 750 per month. Every 100 gm of glucose biscuits roughly provides 20 per cent of energy, protein and calcium required by an average adult. So as to explore the opportunities in these sectors, a large no. of companies is trying to increase their consumer base in these areas. For this they are offering various promotional schemes in order to make their brand familiar to consumers and to have a Competitive edge. Parle G Industries has made a rapid progress in the variety, quality and quantity of biscuits and baked foods and has become India’s biggest brands and the preeminent food brand of the country. It is equally recognized for its innovative approach to products and marketing. The company’s offerings are spread across the spectrum with products ranging from the healthy and economical. About the company In 1929 a small company by the name of Parle products emerged in British dominated India.The intent was to spread joy and cheer to children and adults alike, all over the country with its sweets and candies. The company knew that it wouldn’t be an easy task, but they decided to take the brave step. A small factory was set up in the suburbs of Mumbai, to manufacture sweets and toffees. The Parle brand became well known in India following the success of products such as the Parle-G biscuits and Thums Up soft drink. The original Parle Company was split into three separate companies: Parle Products Parle Agro Parle Bisleri Today, the great strength of Parle Products is the extremely widespread distribution network. Even at the remotest places, you can buy Parle biscuits and sweets from the local grocer. It has taken years to create this  extensive network. Parle’s sales force started with one salesman in Bombay and some agents in few other cities. Gradually, Parle Products expanded. Soon sweets and biscuits were being sent by rail to Calcutta, Delhi, Karachi, Madras and other major cities. As production increased, distribution was amplified. Full time salesmen were appointed in different areas. Currently, Parle Products has over 33, 00,000 distribution outlets. Distribution Channel Network of Parle-G Intensive Distribution- Parle uses, Intensive Distribution for Parle G. This is the ideal strategy for the market leader as intensive distribution has the following advantages; Increases coverage and sales. Increases product availability. Encourages retailers to compete aggressive. Higher competition leads to narrower margins for the retails hence, increases the ultimate margin for the manufacturer. Channel members of the distribution network: The Parle distribution network for biscuits has essentially four levels as enlisted below: Parle Depots Wholesalers and Distributers Carry Forward Agents (if required) Retailers Channel members and logistics: Parle has nearly 1500 wholesalers, catering to 425000 retail outlets directly or indirectly. A two hundred strong dedicated field force services these wholesalers and retailers. Additionally, there are 31 depots and Carry and Forward agents supplying goods to the wide distribution network. Parle has level 1, level 2, level 3 distribution channels levels. Level1- Availability at all departmental stores across the length and breadth of the country. Level2- Channel exists for customers scattered throughout the country. Level3-Mass consumption and suitable for National and International coverage. Channel Dynamics: Parle has a multi-channel marketing system since it uses more than two marketing channels to reach all its customer segments. Parle Distribution Network Logistics Selection of Channel Members: Parle takes into consideration a host of factors while selecting the channel members. This is because it believes that selection of channel members is a long run decision and the rest of the decision regarding the supply chain depends upon the efficiency and coverage by the channel members. The following are the host of factors considered by the company in selecting the channel members: Authentication is required by the regarding the identity of the channel members, which includes the name and address, photograph of the location. Proof of solvency which requires name and address of the channel member’s bankers Safety of the inventory, which means that the distributor/ dealer should get the stock of the company insured. Inventory or the perishable goods kept by the distributor/ dealer should be in good condition which means a detail of storage space and Refrigeration facility is to be provided. Details of the delivery vehicle, which includes the fo llowing. 1. Light Commercial Vehicles: 2. Matador 3. 3 Wheeler Van 4. Tricycle Van and Hand/Push cart. 5. The number and model of each of the vehicle needs to be furnished to the company. Company acknowledges the fact that it needs to be sensitive to the market demands. For this it requires that a number of salesmen needs to be present on the field. The salesmen too are divided into various categories like 1. The Field salesmen 2. Counter salesmen The details of Clerical Staff and labour are to be provided. The technical competence of the salesmen needs to be mentioned. Details of the various products of other companies that the channel member keeps have to be  provided. The following also need to be furnished with the above: 1. The annual sales of these products have to be mentioned. 2. Details of complementary products and product lines need to be mentioned. Dealers of the company must carry a good reputation. This is due to the fact that Parle believes that the reputation of the dealer affects the clientele in the long run. Market coverage by the distributors needs to be defined which includes details of Geographic coverage and Outlets per market area. The company also requires the dealers to furnish any Advertising and Sales initiative undertaken by them on behalf of the company. Channel Members of the Parle Distribution Network a) Distributors: One of the main factors, which keep the distributors motivated, is the margin. Usually the margins offered by Parle are 8%. Now-a-days it has been raised to 8.5%. Volume wise this comes out to be a big figure since Parle’s product has a good demand in the market. However compared to the other companies the margins are still lower since the new players in the market offer a much higher margin. But the very fact that Parle’s products have good demand in the market motivates the distributors to stock it. Parle Products being a cooperative cannot afford to give heavy monetary incentives. Parles products are considered to be value for money since the company does not believe in charging high margins. In fact all monetary incentives are just the short run means to promote the company’s product. b) The Retailers: Trade schemes: these are undertaken by the company only for the hard selling items. Glow boards: the company puts up glow boards at the retailer and pays the major portion of the cost. Schedule of the salesmen: they provide the retails with this schedule so the retailers can pre -estimate the quantities of the various products needed. Infrastructure facilitation: the company facilitates the retailers to buy beautiful stalls by formulating an easy payment program and a commitment to buy back the equipment at a reasonable price when the value of the equipment has depreciated. Distribution Channel and Parle The company’s strength is in the procurement of raw materials and essentially not the distribution of its product. Even though Parle is the market leader in biscuits. But, distribution logistics is the industry’s main problem. While the other companies fail to replenish demand due to lack in procurement of rawmaterial, Parle’s inventory management is sound. Parle has loyal cooperatives that provide products only to them, over time the relationship of trust has built up with these people that Parle leverages now. The transport channel is another strong point for Parle. As these transporters have grown with the company overtime; the bonding with them enables the company to give least margins when it comes to the distributors in the industry, lowering the costs. Parle believes that there is an ongoing demand in the market and therefore no promotions are needed to increase the sales, also the fact this would affect the cost of the product the company doesn’tundertake many promotion schemes. Parle is able to provide products at the least price in the industry, and is able to give least channel margins as the channel members earn through volumes and not through high margins. The company has been able to push its new products into the market by hooking them onto the fast moving products like Parle butter bite. Because of the strong relationship that Parle shares with the constituent channel members, it forces the channel members to carry all its new products. Suggestions for Distribution Channel The following are the suggestions that Parle can implement to better its distribution channels: Increase the margins: In order to motivate the channel members it is also very essential for the company to increase the margins for the hard selling items. Pushcarts: These should be increased in number in order to increase the market reach (especially the rural market). This can provide with a very effective channel. Parle should also go in for ‘Parle’ Zones: It is primarily for big city retail outlets. Here all the Parle products can be stalked. This can be an effective mode of umbrella marketing. This strategy can be implemented in regions where the footfalls are large in number. The advantages of this alternative channel would be as follows: 1. Full range display. 2. Easier to promote new products. 3. Easy to push impulse purchase products. 4. The Parle Brand building exercise will be enhanced.

Opportunity Analysis For Precious Pets

Opportunity Analysis For Precious Pets In the society today, pets have been becoming an important family member in the families around the word. More and more people tend to treat their pets like a child rather than just a pet. And the pet care and pet food industry becomes popular. There is statistics suggesting that the pets population is ever increasing around the world developed countries. It is shown in the report that the 63% of households own pet in Australia, the pet ownership is 63% in the USA and 53% in the UK. With the increasing population of pet in these countries the pet industry is making a greater contribution to the economy of the countries (Contribution of pet economy to the Australian industry report, 2006a). So the work team is expecting a good prospect for their new project-the Precious Pet private club. The Precious Pet Private Club tends to supply the basic pet care, along with the pet and pet owner interactive sports, the pets restaurant and the pets-in hotel, of course a cafà © where the pet owner can get their stomach filled. The target of our business is to supply the pet and pet owner a common space to interact and enjoy a special holiday together. Content Table Content Table 3 1.0 Introduction 4 2.0 Opportunities in the pet industry 5 2.1 The trend of pets population in the developed countries. 5 2.2 The profit prospect in the pet industry 5 2.3 The pet owners attitude toward the pets 6 3.0 The major competitor analysis 6 4.0 The operation structure of the Precious Pets Private Club 7 4.1 The business model 7 4.2 The human resource for the Club 8 5.0 The SWOT analysis of Precious Pets Private Club 9 5.1 The Strength analysis 9 5.2 The weakness analysis 9 5.3 The opportunity analysis 10 5.4 The threats analysis 10 6.0 Conclusion 10 Reference 11 Further reading 12 1.0 Introduction It is clear through the statistics that the pet care industry is a big and increasing industry. More and more organizations tend to supply service for the pets. The pets-only product is even more expensive than the peoples. So there is a larger profit margin that than the usual product for people. Many food manufacturers engage into the industry and become the leaders, too. For example Nestle and Mars both take not bad market shares in the pet food industry. So it can be estimated that the pet industry is a new industry with a great potential. That is why the Precious Pet Private Club being chosen as the target project. The report will be composed of four parts-the pet industry opportunity analysis, the major competitor analysis and market environment research, the operation structure of Precious Pet Private Club, SWOT analysis of Precious Pet Private Club. The Pet industry analysis will present a clear demonstration of the opportunity in the industry. The analysis will decide if there is a potential for the Precious Pet Private Club to grasp a profit in the industry. If the opportunity to survive is to thin, the project ought to be given up. Then the market environment research will give hint where the major competitors are around the Precious Pets Private Club and leave the Precious Pets Private Club on the defending status. The operation structure decides how the organization will be run and the SWOT analysis will propose a clear understanding of the organization itself. 2.0 Opportunities in the pet industry 2.1 The trend of pets population in the developed countries. It is mentioned in the executive summary that the pets population is ever increasing, and the statistics will prove that. The statistics report pointed out that in the US the number of dogs per 100 people has increased. The number of dogs per 100 people in the US is 25 in 2005 and the number is 22 in 2001. While compared to the dog population increase in the US, the number in the UK and Australia was decreasing slightly since 2002. The situation with the cats population is similar. In the USA about 31 cats are kept in 100 households, and the number of cats per 100 people is only 28. (Contribution of pet economy to the Australian industry report, 2006b) 2.2 The profit prospect in the pet industry Since the Americans are likely to keep more pets, the pet industries contribution to the national economy can not be neglected. It is reported that the contribution of the pet industry to the USA economy is ever growing each year. The American Pet Products Association (APPA) announced that there were estimated 69.1 million pet owning households and they will contribute US$35.9 billion in the pet product expenditure. On the average it equates that every pet owning family will spent US$519 annually on their pets. (Contribution of pet economy to the Australian industry report, 2006c) 2.3 The pet owners attitude toward the pets The pet industry will make a remarkable contribution to the economy; it is still the pets owners contribution. How they spend money on their lovely pets is the way how we could provide service and make money of course. The families today tend to treat their pets like a child rather than a household-kept animal. A new survey in Australia has proved that concept of pet parent rather than a pet owner. The study can indicate that the people are sharing a close emotion bond with their loving pets. Most of them shows a responsible attitude, and they love their pets, would protect them and spent money for them. In this study 85% of pet owners treated their pet part of the family or just like a child and 57% interviewed pet owners take their pet their best friend. 21% of pet owners often/sometimes celebrate their pets birthday and 44% of pet owners give their pet presents for Christmas or other special occasions. Similar studies have been conducted in other countries with similar results, indicating that this is a worldwide trend.(Industry Trends for 2009) The statistics from the pet industry will suggest there are profitable room the industry enterers. The pet care industry has become a general service industry which is accepted by people and more types of services will appear to attract the profit. 3.0 The major competitor analysis The Precious Pet Private Club is a comprehensive pet care club, which consist of the popular pet restaurant and pet hotel. The new concept is the pet-owner interactive sports program. And the pet restaurant and pet hotels are not so new. So there is no doubt they would project a competitive challenge to our business. And the regular pet product retailing place such as the pet food store, and the super market and convenience store could attract the customer who would come to our pet restaurant. Then the pet beauty center is another major competitor. The pet beauty center is a pet service provider, too and will provide some pet products such as food, the pet only shampoo, clothes and so on. The business model contains the product retailing and pet service, similar to the comprehensive service provider, the Precious Pets Private Club. And the beauty service is the major profit source. And for the Precious Pets Private Club target to the upper level pet owner customers. The service provi ded will be packaged and sell to those who would like to build closer emotional bonds with their lovely pets. The business model will be explained in the operation structure part. The market environment research could bring back the information that around the Precious Pets Private Club there are 2 special pet product stores and 1 pet beauty service center. The supermarket or convenience stores are the traditional pet food and pet product retailers, too. 4.0 The operation structure of the Precious Pets Private Club 4.1 The business model The Precious Pets Private Club will consist of four major business categories. The basic pets care such as the pet beauty service will be supplied. The pet owners can get their pets washed and get dressed to match the happy mode of the pet owner and the pets in the short vacation. The pet owner sports programs could let the pet in when ever the pet owner want to do sports in the club. And some pet training could be a choice. Here the owner could train their pets to finish litter tricks and increase the interaction between the pets and the owner. The pet theme restaurants will put the focus on the pets self-service food supply. All kinds of major branded pet foods will be served and the pets can choose the food they like and would not be confined to the usual pet food at home. It is a special experience for the pets. If the pet owner can not tell which brand of pet food their pets prefer, just bring them to the pet self-service restaurant and let them decide. The fourth part is the p et-in hotel. The club tended to supply a good place to spend a day or even a weekend for the pets and their owners. And the pet-in hotel let the owner take their pets to the hotel together. The hotel could supply the bed where the pet and the owner could share or if the pet owner would like the pet to sleep alone, the hotel could also supply a single pet bed, a blanket, a basket or a pet room. The owner could keep their pet in the room they booked. At the very beginning the pet-in club would supply at most 10 rooms, because the room maintenance would be a little expensive. Except for the four major business categories, the club could accommodate some pets exhibition. And the service of the club will be provided to the club member only. To demonstrate the business structure clearly, the figure below could be referred. Precious Pets Private Club Pet-in hotel Pet self-service restaurant Interactive sports program Basic pet care 4.2 The human resource for the Club According to the business model the club needs to resemble the four service model together. Each business category will need a supervisor who is in charge of the product design for this business category, included in the expecting employee number for each sector. 3 pet care worker for the basic pet care center providing the necessary service including wash the pet and dress the pet. 2 workers for the interactive sports program, provide the guidance work to show the customer around the sports programs and fulfill some job schedule connected to other sections. The pet self-service restaurant will employ 4 employees to refill the food supply and tidy the restaurant. 2 employees will be hired for the hotel sector to maintain the hotel rooms and keep the room comfortable for a pet and owner staying together. 5.0 The SWOT analysis of Precious Pets Private Club The SWOT analysis is the process of analyzing organizations and their environments based on their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The analysis would include the environmental analysis and the organizational analysis. The environment analysis is the external factors analysis, which is the process of scanning the business environment for threats and opportunities. The organizational analysis is internal factors analysis, which is the process of analyzing a firms strengths and weaknesses (Weihrich, 1982). 5.1 The Strength analysis The comprehensive service model would be fresh for the pet owners. The target is to server the upper level pet owners who have a strong demand for establishing an emotional tie with their pets. So the target would decide all the programs in the club is special for interactive pet and pet owner. All the programs could be finished by the owner here. But all the necessary products are ready to use. The club is small and would supply total membership type consumption. The members could establish good relations and could stay with the club for a longer time. 5.2 The weakness analysis The products are still basic. Though the business categories have been defined and the comprehensive pet service club is new, the products of each category are still not attractive enough. The products need more development and innovation to attract the customer closely so they will come and stay with the club. 5.3 The opportunity analysis The expenditure on pet is increasing according to statistics, which can guaranty a stable pet expenditure market. People obviously to accept the new type of the pet service and the survey indicates a stable customer expense trend. 5.4 The threats analysis The big pet industry market could be affected by the economy downturn. Since 2009, the global financial crisis has shadowed the peoples lives. People tend to cut down expense. So the expenditure on pets will be cut down to an extent. It would influence our market strategy under such an economy environment. Many of our market strategies will gain little effects. 6.0 Conclusion The team selects the comprehensive pet service club and tends to push the service package to the market through the membership of club. The business is new and the target of the products is clear. But as the SWOT analysis has revealed, the product mix is too easy, and can be copied by other business. So the in-depth product development is very necessary. The service model could be innovative, too. All the target of the organization should be focused on a close emotional tie and interactions between the pet and pet owner, which should become the core competitiveness of the Precious Pets Private Club.

President Nixons Secret Bombing of Cambodia Essay -- American America

In the 1960s and 1970s, the most controversial war the United States had ever been involved in during its rich two-hundred year history would engulf the country, ultimately leading to the collapse of a president, and the division of a nation. The Vietnam War was a military struggle fought in Vietnam and neighboring countries from 1959-1975 involving the North Vietnamese and NLF (National Liberation Front) versus the United States and the South Vietnamese ("The Vietnam..."). In 1969, newly elected President Richard M. Nixon, aiming to achieve "peace with honor" in Vietnam, began to put his "Vietnamization" policy into place -- removing the number of American military personnel in the country and transferring combat roles to the South Vietnamese ("Speeches..."). But at the same time, Nixon resumed the secret bombing of North Vietnam and launched B-52 bombing raids over Cambodia, intending to wipe out NLF and North Vietnamese base camps along the border. The intensive secret bombing, co denamed Operation Menu, lasted for four years and was intentionally concealed from the American public; meanwhile, Nixon ordered the invasion of Cambodia by United States troops, arguing that it was necessary to protect the security of American units. This invasion into an allegedly neutral country was cause for much protest in the States, especially on college campuses such as Kent State University, where students rioted and held walk-outs. Ultimately, the secret bombing of neutral Cambodia was deliberately conducted without the consent of Congress, violating the articles outlined in the United States Constitution, and would have been grounds for impeachment had Nixon not resigned under the cloud of the Watergate scandal in August of 1974 ("Richard M.... ...ple Mystified as Direct U.S. Role Ends At a Time of Military Adversity. New York Times 15 August 1973. Public Broadcasting System (PBS). The American Experience: Vietnam. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/vietnam/109ts.html> Accessed 5 March 2001. Richard M. Nixon: Foreign Affairs. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. <http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/3/0,5716,57373+6+55968,00.html> Accessed 3 March 2001. Speeches by Richard M. Nixon: Vietnamization. Texas A&M University. <http://www.tamu.edu/scom/pres/speeches/rmnvietnam.html> Accessed 4 March 2001. The Vietnam War. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. <http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/0/0,5716,77300+1+75317,00.html> Accessed 3 March 2001. Vassar College. President Nixons Speech on Cambodia: April 30, 1970. <http://students.vassar.edu/~vietnam/doc15.html> Accessed 28 February 2001.

Osteoarthritis :: Health, Diseases

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a common problem throughout the world. As estimated by the World Health Organization, it is one of the major causes of impaired function that reduces quality of life worldwide and estimated to be the fourth leading cause of disability by the year 2020 (Kraus et al., 2006 and Wluka, 2006). Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of chronic disability worldwide including Malaysia (Zakaria et al., 2009). As defined by Jette et al., 2002 disability is the impaired performance of expected socially defined life tasks, in a typical sociocultural and physical environment. Physical function limitation, or difficulty with physical tasks and activities, is fundamental to the development of disability in OA. Pain is likely to be a central factor in the physical function limitation of knee OA, both due to its direct effects on function and as a route through which other factors operate. However, measuring only the pain is not enough. Physiotherapy must know exactly what functional limitation experienced by the patient and help them to handle those instead of treating just the pain. In the study by Izal et al., 2010 they discovered that there was discrepancy between levels of disability and quality of life (QOL) of Spanish elderly people with OA knee. They found this disparity possible due to active coping strategies practiced by the patient such as positive self-statements, re-interpreting pain sensations, distraction, ignoring sensations, prayer and joint protection strategies. Knee Osteoarthritis prevalence is expected to rise significantly in the upcoming decades due to increasing life expectancy and decreasing physical activity, leading to a constant increase in body weight. Facing this situation, the WHO and the United Nations have declared the years 2000 to 2010 to be the "Bone and Joint Decade" (Rosemann et al., 2007). The exact prevalence of OA is difficult to determine because of the lack of use of standardized criteria. In epidemiological studies OA is often described by radiological criteria, however radiological disease especially when mild has poor correlation with the presence of pain. Studies found that in all populations, so far the prevalence of knee OA is higher than that of hip OA but this is more marked in Asian populations. In Malaysia, knee becomes the most common site for OA (Zakaria et al, 2009). Regarding prevalence, it is a frequently replicated result that women have a higher probability for developing OA, especially OA of the knee (Felson et al.

The Drive-By :: Personal Narrative Writing

The Drive-By Many people have experienced a drive-by shooting before. Some are the victims and others are the people who commit these crimes. Either way, these shootings are very horrifying. You feel your adrenaline rush 100 miles an hour. People who can't run will soon find themselves hopping over gates and hitting roofs tops. The sad truth is that people die as a result of these shootings. Bullets don't carry names. They fly in all directions killing innocent people. I woke up one Sunday morning tired from the night before. My neighbor Sergio called me up to ask me if I would go with him to the car wash in Whittier. I got ready and left my house at about 12 o'clock. As I walked to his house, I noticed that the sun was bright and the sky was clear. "The day is too good to be true," I thought to myself and believed nothing could possibly go wrong. We got to the car wash and washed his car. The day was going fine. Then Sergio asked me if I wanted to go to East L.A. with him. I agreed and went with him. We arrived at his cousin's house and his cousin's friends were all drinking on the sidewalk. I felt strange to be there. I didn't know anyone except Sergio and his cousin. To top it all off, I was in a strange neighborhood with some gangsters that I didn't know. After being there a while, I noticed a grey van passing down the street repeatedly. I did not think much about it since it was not my neighborhood, and Sergio's friend did not pay much attention to them either. All of a sudden, one of Sergio's friends jumped off the hood of a parked car and yelled, "Trucha! Trucha!" (Watch Out!) As he shouted that, I looked up and saw the passenger of the gray van pointing and shooting a gun at me. I felt a tremendous cold chill all over my body, and began to run as fast as I could to the back of the house. All I remember is looking for safety. When the shooting was over, I went to the front and saw Sergio's cousin laying on the ground with his pants full of blood. We quickly got him into Sergio's clean car and drove to the hospital. We were driving much faster than the speed limit and running red lights while I tried to calm Sergio's cousin. The Drive-By :: Personal Narrative Writing The Drive-By Many people have experienced a drive-by shooting before. Some are the victims and others are the people who commit these crimes. Either way, these shootings are very horrifying. You feel your adrenaline rush 100 miles an hour. People who can't run will soon find themselves hopping over gates and hitting roofs tops. The sad truth is that people die as a result of these shootings. Bullets don't carry names. They fly in all directions killing innocent people. I woke up one Sunday morning tired from the night before. My neighbor Sergio called me up to ask me if I would go with him to the car wash in Whittier. I got ready and left my house at about 12 o'clock. As I walked to his house, I noticed that the sun was bright and the sky was clear. "The day is too good to be true," I thought to myself and believed nothing could possibly go wrong. We got to the car wash and washed his car. The day was going fine. Then Sergio asked me if I wanted to go to East L.A. with him. I agreed and went with him. We arrived at his cousin's house and his cousin's friends were all drinking on the sidewalk. I felt strange to be there. I didn't know anyone except Sergio and his cousin. To top it all off, I was in a strange neighborhood with some gangsters that I didn't know. After being there a while, I noticed a grey van passing down the street repeatedly. I did not think much about it since it was not my neighborhood, and Sergio's friend did not pay much attention to them either. All of a sudden, one of Sergio's friends jumped off the hood of a parked car and yelled, "Trucha! Trucha!" (Watch Out!) As he shouted that, I looked up and saw the passenger of the gray van pointing and shooting a gun at me. I felt a tremendous cold chill all over my body, and began to run as fast as I could to the back of the house. All I remember is looking for safety. When the shooting was over, I went to the front and saw Sergio's cousin laying on the ground with his pants full of blood. We quickly got him into Sergio's clean car and drove to the hospital. We were driving much faster than the speed limit and running red lights while I tried to calm Sergio's cousin.

Great poets Essay

Geoffrey Chaucer is known as the father of Englsih poetry and is recognized as one of the world’s great poets. His life, work and writing reveal him as one of the most influential writes in Middle Age history. His poems and stories have flourished throughout history and are still recognized today. â€Å"Chaucer’s language is barely accessible to readers today and need frequent glossing to be intelligible. Nevertheless, Chaucer stands as a great poet, one of the finest of any era to write in English† (Hussey 152). â€Å"The known details of Chaucer’s life are sketchy at best† (Ross1). He was born in London to a wine merchant named John Chaucer sometime between 1340-1344. â€Å"We do not known exactly when he was born. At a trial in 1386 at which he was a witness, he confessed to be then ‘forty years old and more,’ so that it is usual to put his birth about 1453† (Hussey153). Chaucer was born into a middle class family where he received a superb education at one of London’s finest schools and probably studied law (Damrosch 272). Some of his influences in writing include Dante Alighieri and Boccaccio. The first known record of Chaucer is 1357 when he became a page in the household of Price Lionel. He later served under the army of Edward III in France where he was held for ransom and later released after his ransom was paid. This payment of ransom by Edward III shows just how important he had become to the king’s service at such a young age (Ross1). â€Å"Between the ages of about fifteen and twenty-three the mind has a special resilience-what we learn then seems to go deeper and stay longer. Chaucer spent these years learning the amenities of the noble life and the brutal arts of medieval warfare†¦ â€Å"(Howard 41). In 1369, he composed his first important poem, The Book of Duchess, in memory of his patron’s wife who died of the black plague. He began work on The Canterbury Tales, quite possibly his most famous work, about 1387 and wanted each of his pilgrimages to tell four tales. However he was only able to write twenty-three stories before his death. In 1366 Chaucer is believed to have married his wife Philippa after his father’s death and his mother’s remarriage. â€Å"Chaucer made an advantageous marriage, although he may already have been regarded as a coming young man (Hussey154). Geoffrey and his wife may have had up to four children, but the records of his family have little detail and are somewhat mysterious. The records do however show that these four people were relatives of Geoffrey and Philippa, but whether of not they were his children remains a mystery. In 1367, he was awarded the first of many recognitions for his service in the king’s court. On April 23, 1374, he was granted the promise of a daily pitcher of wine. He was appointed justice of the peace in Kent in 1385, and he later became a Parliament. Throughout the rest of his life he remained in the king’s service. On several he was sent all over as the king’s ambassador (Elements of Literature 1). Chaucer was a fairly important government servant. Although today he is thought of almost entirely for his poetry, back in the Middle Ages, his work was much more important than his writings (Elements of Literature 1). He had many jobs in the royal service including the comptroller of the customs for the port of London and an esquire to the royal court. He carried on many other governmental duties as well that proves his importance and dedication to the kings. Middle English is a form of English used in England from around the time of Norman conquest until around 1500. The main difference between Middle English and the English we use today is the pronunciation of long vowels. The short vowels are generally the same. The following chart helps understand the pronunciation of long vowels.

Design of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems Essay

Storage Tanks are the tanks in which flammable and combustible liquids are stored. The storage tanks should be constructed of steel in case they are constructed above grounds. The non-combustible substance can be used for the construction if it is used to store a combustible liquid. The material used for the construction must be that helps the tank to be protected against the fire. In one of the storage tank fires broke out at the island of Palau Merimau, Singapore and the fire started catching tankage containing petroleum, motor gasoline and diesel product. Despite the size of fire and adverse logistics, fire fighting efforts were successful in controlling the fire. This require operational and design engineering considerations, proper fire fighting strategy, prefire and emergency response plans, fire water management and fixed/semifixed system. A permanent water supply, of sufficient volume, duration, pressure, required to properly operate the fire fighting equipment shall be made available as soon as combustible materials accumulate and in the same way underground waters are to be provided, installed and made available for use as early as possible at the place of fire. In case were fixed water protection system is not installed with the tank with flammable or combustible liquids the floating roof to cover on liquid which helps to protect the fire to be broke out. Most fires in this design of tank burn only at the seal and are usually easily extinguished. Tanks with floating roofs are not likely to be involved in serious fires. This is because there is far less liquid surface is exposed to the fire. When storage tanks are not equipped with fixed fire protection then it must contain a stable liquid storage at a pressure 17kPa (gauge). The tanks containing flammable liquids should be normally kept closed for protection of unless the tank is venting. Where drainage facilities are provided to drain water from dike areas, efforts should be made to prevent flammable liquids from entering into any natural resources as it constitute fire hazard. REFERENCE Referred to sites:1. http://www. ofm. gov. on. ca/english/Publications/Guidelines/part4/4commen5. asp SECTION 4. 3 TANK STORAGE Subsection 4. 3. 1. – Design, Construction and Use of Storage Tanks 2. http://www. osha. gov/doc/outreachtraining/htmlfiles/subpartf. html Fire Protection and Prevention DEFINITIONS APPLICABLE TO THIS SUBPART – Â §1926. 155 3. http://www. ofm. gov. on. ca/english/Publications/Guidelines/part4/4commen5. asp SECTION 4. 3 TANK STORAGE Dated 4th August 2007

Impression Management as a Goal Directed Activity

Impression ManagementAssignment question: â€Å"Impression Management as a goal directed activity not only sets the boundaries of what is considered appropriate behaviour but also aids in defining what behaviour will be met with disapproval. †(Goffman 1989) Discuss this statement in the context of a practical professional setting. According to Andersen, M. L. , & Taylor, H. L. (2006)impression management is defined as â€Å"good oriented conscious or unconsciousprocess in which people attempt to influence the perceptions of other people about a person, object or event, they do so by regulating and controlling information in social interaction. According to Sinha (2009), â€Å"Impression management is an active self-presentation of a person aiming to enhance his image in the eyes of others† (p. 104). A symbolic interaction noting that impression management is â€Å"the process of authentic self-presentation used when an individual wants to present himself to other peop le the same way he perceives himself†¦a tactical brand used by individuals. † A variation of this view by Brym and Lie, (2006, p. 44) depicts impression management as a situation whereby â€Å"people deliberately change or modify their behaviour to fit a given situation†¦the process whereby people seek to control the image that others have of them. † The above scholarly views seek to consolidate Goffman’s (1989) view that â€Å"Impression Management as a goal directed activity not only sets the boundaries of what is considered appropriate behaviour but also aids in defining what behaviour will be met with disapproval. † In assessing the concept of impression management it is pivotal to isolate the impetus behindthisconcept.All the above definitions provide a direct inference that this concept involves creating an impressionable illusion which is highly fragile and requires constant attention in order to ensure its sustainability. Keeping in mind that it is a goal oriented model, impression management is a fundamental and universal process that involves a number of influential factors. These factors are social, cultural and spiritual. Considering that this model is set in a professionalenvironment, it is essential to administer an appropriate outlook into impression management in professional localities.Newman, (2009, p. 173) states that â€Å"Impression management allows the production of manufactured personas, which aid in the socialization process. The use of impression management provides people with the necessary skills to create a custom and often falsified perception. †, this may be well suited to the professional environment and its various facets such as job interviews, officerelations between employees and management, firms and both clients and potential clients, firms and other firms as well with the ultimate goal being to create a virtuous professional atmosphere.It is paramount to note that the microcosm represents the macrocosm, in relation to impression management it is hence necessary to carry out a thorough analysis of individualistic measures of impression management before relating this to an entire professional setting. According to Andersen and Taylor (2006), â€Å"Impression management can be seen as a type of con game† (p. 04), relating to the basic scenario of a job interview when a person engages in impression management, they are attempting to manipulate the impression they project onto others, with the goal being to ultimately acquire a job and will do so through the following means of impression management: †¢Good eye contact in order to establish an aura of confidence and honesty critical to the business sector †¢An appropriate physical appearance, aclean, professional persona †¢Chronematic management, being prompt is tantamount to a gesture of a focused individual †¢Kinesis should be reflective of confidence and a potentially aggressive st ature appropriately suited to the aggressive nature of the business world In essence, the above seeks to highlight the paramount idea that the person being perceived manages the perception of the perceiver hoping to have a positive impact which in this case is delivering a sublime job interview with prospects of acquiring a particular job position. This approach helps a person carefully craft relationships and by extension they have the ability to alter their position in the socialization process through impression management, especially if now expanding the concept impression management into the actual working environment in an analysis of relationships between an individual whether as a subordinate or a manager.When in the position of relative power such as management, active impression management is supreme, an individual is under the constant debilitating gaze of oftentimes opportunistic employees or subordinates on the prowl for error. Hence individuals in management should lea ve no room for error in their impression management â€Å"A person’s relative position in society can also influence impression management† (Newman, 2009, p. 172). A person’s posit ion in society and the prestige of impression management are congruent. Managers should exercise extreme decorum, bepunctual, have astute command of a professional ethic of honesty and transparency and above all a professional outlook on their physical presentation. Illustration of how people attempt to control how others perceive them is portrayed through the clothing they wear.A person who is in a leadership position strives to be respected and in order to control and maintain the impression; the person wears a nice suit, carries a briefcase, and acts in a professional manner. The professional clothing and the dignified manner in which the person carries him or herself, plays a large role in the impression management process. The goal behind such a constrictive and extremely rule bo und outlook of impression management is so as to create an impression to the subordinates, however not one of fear but of a respectable individual employees are willing to be loyal and ultimately submissive to without any urge of dissent hence having a positive influence on a firm’s productivity and profits due to Herzberg’s motivational factors being fulfilled by management.Another relationship worth analysis is that of impression management between work colleagues, an individual should establish a solid impression amongst colleagues and management, Newman (2009) expands on this notion, â€Å"Impression management is a tool most of us use to present ourselves as likable people† (p. 183). with the impetus being that of creating a virtuous working environment free of tension which makes work more enjoyable for an individual. Ultimately the central lynchpin being that of managing an approachable, responsible, amicable, ‘gossip- free’ impression of one self. This is advantageous in climbing the corporate ladder for situations whereby an individual is considered for a job promotion from being a lower grade employee to a higher grade, on basis of a character evaluation and impressions regarding that particular individual.If a general view is that of a rude, irresponsible, tension enabling individual, then this view would be to the detriment of an individual as such a negative inclination is almost impossible to remove. Most vital towards maintaining the survival of a business is a solid relationship established between the client and the business through its management and entire workforce, this also affects the resultant impression cast upon potential clients who may be considering working with a particular business, Ferrante (2008) expands on this concept in her book, Sociology: a Global Perspective, â€Å"Even if people are aware that they are manipulating reality, impression management can be a constructive feature of social in teraction† (p. 131). People across the globe implement this concept in order to obtain a favourable social outcome.Standardising this opinion in relation to a professional setting, a business needs to portray an impression heavy consolidated with a strong sense of reliability, transparency and good customer relations. A prime example would be that of Econet Wireless Company, already with a well-established impression as the leading, most reliable telecommunications service provider, it is vital to be consistent with such an impression. This is most evident in their customer relations which are friendly and extremely efficient; a dedication to fulfilling a corporate social responsibility through their Econet Scholarship Programme is reflective of an approachable and selfless impression which they constantly subscribe to.Hence an analysis of Econet’s impression management leaves us to conclude that although not completely a perfect impression due to unavoidable disruption s in network, Econet has a dominantly impeccable impression which invokes consumer loyalty and an exponential growth in terms on both customers and sales revenue and hence makes it easier to compare against other firms regarded as having a somewhat weaker, deficient impression such as Net One. There are a variety of social implications within impression management, but not all of the social implications are positive. Some of the repercussions are negative and can even be damaging to the person responsible for the implementation of impression management tactics. According to Newman (2009), â€Å"Impression management can lead to the creation of damaged identities, which must be repaired in order to sustain social interactions† (p. 183). Damaged identities and suffering social interactions can take a toll on a person, which enviably forces that person to retreat to impression management once again.Forexample, if a Muslim woman, who is dictated by religion to wear the traditiona l full body gear exposing only the eyes(termed the ‘Burka’) is placed in a banking professional environment such as that of Standard Chartered Bank,due to severe stereotyping it would serve uncomfortable for not only the individual, but the colleagues as well the customers and potential customers to conduct banking or business related transactions without invoking a degree of suspicion towards such a woman or a feeling of pity towards an inferred and assumed segregation of Muslim women. It may seem increasingly ironic that the tactic that aided in the damaging and exiling of a person can be the very approach that puts that person back in the social standings. Impression management is a concept to be taken very seriously. It has the power and influence to create a favourable public opinion of a particular person, it can break a person in regards to social standings, and it can repair a damaged persona.Additionally, impression management has the ability to dictate a perso n’s position in society, as commonly prescribed that a good impression management becomes tantamount to solid business relationships which serve to the advantage of an individual or a firm alike. Conclusion Impression management is a self-presentation technique that focuses on improving a person’s image in the eyes of others. Ever since Erving Goffman implemented the term impression management in 1959, sociologists and theorists have been studying additional aspects of the concept. Impression management presents constructive and favourable images to the public, encouraging a positive outcome. Impression management is a common underlying process that involves social and cultural implications.In regard to the social implications, impression management allows people to carefully craft and construct their public perception. In some cases, in order to obtain a favourable public or social appearance, a person must alter and falsify their persona. The social implications of i mpression management are not always negative, but there is a fine line between the positive and negative aspects. Impression management in relation to culture has a far more positive outcome. The cultural implications of impression management define the significance of cultural traditions, norms, and ways of life. The clothing people choose to wear, the words they choose to utilise are all apart of the impression management process.It would be highly advantageous to implement means by which to improve on or further establish impression management through following the appropriate rules of etiquette in relation to the professional environment such as desisting from the use of cell phones during board meetings as it is disrespectful and conceited and above all a consistentupgrade and maintenance of one’s impression or otherwise social facade. References Andersen, M. L. , & Taylor, H. L. (2006). Sociology: The essentials. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Brym, R. S. , & Lie, J. (2006). Sociology: Your compass for a new world. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing. Ferrante, J. (2008). Sociology: A global perspective. Belmont, CA: Thomas Higher Education. Giddens, A. (2005). Sociology. Cambridge, UR, UK: Polity Press. Newman, D. M. (2009). Sociology: Exploring the architecture of everyday life. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press. Sinha, J. B. (2009). Culture and organization national behaviour. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.